Internal-combustion engine.



l. PERUGINI.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1914.

IgnacePe vugm I. PERUGINI. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1914.

a SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNEIS$ESv INVENTOF? 4 M g e perugln| Patented May 11, 1915.

IGNACE IPERUGINI, 0F TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

mmnnenoomansrron ENGINE.

Specification of. Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1915.

Application filed Septeniber is, 1914. Serial No. 862,021.

To all whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, IGNACE PERUGINI, of the city of Toronto, in the county of Xprk, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, "have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is the specificatlon. 0 My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and the object of the invention is to increase the efiicienoy thereof by providing for a working piston stroke during each half revolution of the main shaft of the engine and it cons sts essentially'of a-pair of cylinders, a crank case on which the cylinders are supported,

a double crank shaft-journaled therein, a

piston and piston rod for each cylinder, a cylinder head extending over both cylinders,

cylindrical firing chambers located in the" head and one firing chamber extending horizontally across the top of each ofthe underlying cylinders, a port extending through the head between the interior of each firing chamber and the interior of the corresponding cylinder, a pair of vertical ducts passing vertically through the wall intervening be-- tween the cylinders, a right angular extension leading from the lower end of each vertical duct, one extension leading into each a curved duct extension leading from the upper end of each duct through the cylinder head to the firing chamber situated over the cylinder opposlte to that into cylinder,

which the right angular extension leads at the lower end of the corresponding vertical duct, an inlet port leading into the lower end of each cylinder, leading from the upper end of each cylinder, a vertical slide bar held in a vertical groove formed in the interior periphery of the cylinder in alinement with the center of the exhaust and inlet ports, slide valves carried by the slide bar and co-acting with the exhaust and inlet ports to open and close the valve tnrnably" same, a cylindrical rocking held within each firing chamber, each rocking valve having a central cut-away portion, means operated by the pistons during the end portions of their upward and downward strokes for imparting a corresponding movement to the slide bars for opening and closing the exhaust and inlet ports, means operated by the vertical movement of the aforesaid slide bars for alternately opening and closing the ports leading from the firing chambers into the cylinders and simultaneing specification.

Fig. 2.

'thel an exhaust port" provided with the crank ousl closing and opening-the upper ends of t e curvedduct extensions, as hereinafter more particularly explained by the followgure 1, is a vertical sectional view of'my engine. Fig. 2, is a vertical sectiononline Fig.. 3, is a' plan section on line Fig. 4, is avertical section on line av -y? Fig. 2 and :v -y Fig. 3. Fig. 5, 1s a plan section on .line' at Fig. 2. Fig. 6, 1s a sectional detail of the oil ing apparatus.- I I I In the drawings likeletters of reference mdlcate corresponding parts in each figure.

1 1s thev cylinder body formed by the cylw-y Fig. 1.

pumpinders 2 and 3 connectedtogether by an mterven'ingwall 4.. I

5 s the crank case comprising the'upper ortnzm 6 formed with two vertical chain-.1. ers

and 8 disposed beneath-the cylinders 2 and 3 and having an intervenin wall 9 located beneath the intervening. wall 4, and

14 forming the closure for such ends.

15 and 16 are'bearing orifices formed in the horizontal wall- 14 concentric with the center I of the cylinders 2 and 3 and the chambers 7 and 8.- v 16 is the main crank shaft of the engine arms 17 and 18 set in opposite directions.

19 and 20 are the piston heads located in a the cylinders 2 and 3.

, 21 and 22 are piston rods extending from the piston heads 19 and 20-through the bearing orifices 15 and 16.'- I 1 22' and 23 are vertical diametrically opposing guides formed in the chamber 7 24. and 25 are similar guides formed in the chamber 8.

26 is a cross arm secured to or formed integral with the piston rod 21. The ends of the cross arm 26 slide within the opposing vertical guides 22 and23.

27 is a cross arm secured to or. formed integral with the pistonrod 22 similar toower crank case portion 10 forming the;

upper portion 6 of thefcrank chambers 7 and Sam p'ro- .vided with closed ends, the horizontal wall the crossarm 26, the ends of which slide in the vertical guides 24 and 25.

28 and 29 are arms extending radlally respectively .from the piston rods 21 and 22 for a purpose which w1ll herelnafter appear.

30 and 31 are link rods connecting the lower end of each piston rod to the crank arms17 and 18.

32 is the-cylinder head body which is preferably. formed in one piece extending over both cylinders 2 and 3.

33 and 34 are horizontal cylindrical firing chambers formed in the cylinder head 32 and located above each cylinder 2 and 3.

35 and 36 are. ports leading from the firing chambers 33 and 34 into the cylinders 2 and 3. The outer end of each firing chamber 33 and 34 is provided with a closing plug 37 which is suitably threaded and screwed into the open end of the firing chamber. i

38 and 39 are vertical ducts extending upwardly through the'wall 4 intervening be-- tween the cylinders 2 and 3. The lower end of the duct 38 is provided with a right angular extension 40 leading into the cylinder 3 at the bottom thereof. The lower end of the duct 39 is provided with a right angular extension 41 leading into the cylinder 2 (see dotted lines Fig. 5).

42 is a curved extension of the duct 38 leading from the upper end of the duct 38 into the firing chamber 33. 43 is a similar duct leading from the upper end of the vertical duct 39 into the firing chamber 34.

44 and 45 are vertical grooves extending from the bottom of each chamber 7 and 8 into proximity to the top of the cylinders 2 and 3.

Orifices 45' are formed in the wall 14.

46 is a rectangular recess formed in the wall of the cylinder 2 into which the groove 45 leads. The recess'46 is continued downward into the wall of the chamber 7 forming the orifice 45 hereinbefore referred to. V

47 is a similar rectangular recess-formed in the wall of the cylinder 2 in proximity to its upper end and into which the vertical groove 45leads'at its'upper end. 48 and 49 are recesses similar to the recesses 46 and. '47, the recesses 48 and .49 being located in the chamber 8 and cylinder 3.

so and 51 are slide bars slidably held within the grooves 44 and 45. i I

52 and 53 are inlet ports leading into the recesses 48 and 46 respectively.

54 and 55 are exhaust ports leading into the recesses 49 and 47 respectively.

56 and 57 are slide valves located in the recesses 48 and 49 and designed to alter nately cover and uncover the inner end of the ports 52 and 54 by a vertical movement within the recesses 48 and 49. It will be understood that the slide valves 56 and 57 are formed integral with the slide bar 50 and cylinders 75 valves 56 and 57. 58 and 59 are similar slide valves formed integral with the slide bar 51 and slidable within the recesses46 and 47 to alternately cover and uncover the inner end of the inlet port 53 and exhaust port 55. The slide bar 50 is provided with a'vertical slot 60 and the slide bar 51 with a vertical slot 61. The arms 28 and 29 are each provided with a reduced end 62 slidably held within the slots 60 and 61.

63 and 64 are cylindrical rocking valves held within the firing chambers 33 and 34. Each valve 63 and 64 is provided with a central cut-away portion forming a chamber 65 and 66. Each valve 63 and 64 is thus formed with circular end portions 67 and 68 .and interconnecting portion 69 (see Fig. 2).

70 is a stud extending from the outer end of each valve 63 and 64, a pinion 71 being mounted on the stud 70 of the valve 64 and a pinion 72 mounted on the stud 70 of the valve 63.

73 is a rack bar extension extending upwardly from the slide valve 57, the rack' thereof intermeshing with the pinion 71.

74 is a rack bar extension extending from the slide valve 59 and meshing with the pinion 72. r

75 and 76 are cylinders secured in the horizontal portion 77 of the upper portion of the crank case 10, the cylinders 75 and 7 6 being located to each side of the wall 9. The and 76 are provided with open upper ends. The lower ends of the cylinders 75 and 76 are provided with closing plugs 79 and 80 provided With central ducts 81 and 82 over the upper end of which extend cages 83 and 84.

85 and 86 are ball valves'held within the cages and designed to form a closure for the upper end of'the passages 81 and 82, such upper end being preferably depressed to form seats for the balls. 1.

87is a tube extending between the lower end of the cylinders 75 and 76.

88 and 89 are small perforations extend ing through the wall of the cylinders 75 and 7 6 into the center of the tube 87 90 is a ball valve which fits within the tube 87 and is designed to alternately form a closure for the perforations 88 and 89.

91 is an oil duct which extends vertically through the wall 9 and is provided at its upper end with right angular extensions 92 and 93 leading through the horizontal wall 14 into the vertical bearings 15 and 16. The lower end of the duct 91 isconnected by a tube 94 to the tube 87.

95 and 96 are pistons located within the cylinders 7 5 and 76 and provided with upwardly extending piston rods 97 and 98.

99 and 100 are arms extending outwardly mesa-ea from'the lower end of the bars 50 and 51 ;,the upper ends .ofthe piston rods 97 and -98 eing connected thereto.

usual p 101 see Fig. 2) forcing Inorder to slide bars 50. and51 until the required time I have provided a locking device comprising a pair of dogs 101and 102 mounted upon a stud 103 held within the case 104 which extends over the slottedoiening 105 formed in the wall of the cran case opgosite the grooves 44 and 45. Each slide ar and 51 is provided with an upper opening 106 and lower opening 107.

108 and 109 are pressure springs forcing the dogs into engagement with the slide bars 50 and 51-.

. 110 are ratchet notches formed in each of the. iston" rods 21 and 22. ,H ving described the principal parts nvolved'in my invention I will briefly describe the operation of the same:v

e engine is started by cranking in the manner. By the cranking operation the piston 19 rises in'the cylinder 2 and the pfiston 20 descends in the cylinder 3. In t e drawing the valves 58 and 59 co-acting with the inlet port 53 and exhaust port 55 are in the open position and the valves 56 and 57 co-acting with the inlet port 52 and exhaust port 54 in the closed position. As the piston 19 rises it draws in the explosive mixture through the port 53 into the cylinder 2. As the piston 19 approaches the upper end of its stroke the reduced portion 62 of the arm 28 enga es with: the curved portion of the dog jecting end of the dog outwardly against the compression of the spring 108 from the 7 opening 106. As soonas this operation has been accomplished the end 62 of the arm 28 engages the upper end of the slot 6l'carry- 4 mg the slide bar 51 and rack portion 53 and 55, the rack bar 74 by this movement,

, ward stroke of the vertically upward and the slide valves 58 and 59 into the closed position over the ports being in mesh with the pinion 72, turns the valve 63 into the osition shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1. gimultaneously with this operation the piston 20 descends until the arm 29 also provided with a reduced end 62 engages with the lower end of the slot 60 of the slide bar 51 thus carrying the inlet slide valve 56 and exhaust slidewalve 57 into the open position and turning the valve 64 into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 so as to close the port 36. In this position the piston 19 has drawn in a charge of gas into the cylinder 2 beneath the piston 19 and the piston 20 is in position to draw a charge into the cylinder 3 by the next uppiston 20. During the return or downward stroke of the piston 19 the gas previously drawn into the cylinder 2 beneath the piston 19-is compressed and v curved duct extension 43 into prevent the movementof the position of the engine shown in thethe inwardly prois then fired by the usual means charge port 54. As each forced throu hthe duct extension 41 (see dotted lines ig. 5'). vertical duct 39 and the firing chamber. 34. The piston 20 simultaneously rises with the down' stroke of the piston 19 drawing a charge of gas into the cylinder 3 ready for firing. As the piston 19 approaches the end of its downward stroke it again opens the inlet port 53 and exhaust port 55 as previously described and turns the valve 63 so as to open the duct 42. and close'the port 35. As the piston 20 approaches the upward limit of its stroke the arm 29 engages the upper end of the slot 60 carrying the slide bar 50 and rack bar 73 vertically upward thus simultaneously closing the inlet and exhaust ports 52 and 54 and turning the valve 64 into the full line position shown in Fig. 1 thereby opening the port 36 and closing the inner end of the duct 43. The charge is then fired in the chamber 66 downward, compressing the charge which has been previously drawn into the cylinder 3 by the upward stroke of the piston 20 and forcing it through the duct extension 40, vertical duct 38 and curvedduct extension 42 into the firing chamber 33. The valve 63 is then turned by the upward stroke of the piston 19 admitting the charge in the cylinder 2, The piston 19 carries the arm 28 into engagement with the upper end of the slot 61 and bar 51 and rack bar 74 vertically, and,the valve 63 into the dotted position. The charge in the firingwhamber 63 driving the piston 19 downward and simultaneously driving the piston 20 upward, .the burnt from the cylinder 3 above the piston 20 being forced through the open exhaust piston 19 or 20 approaches the upward limit of its stroke it closes its corresponding inlet and exhaust valves and again opens them as it approaches the downward limit of its stroke. Thus when the charge has been fired driving one of the pistons downwardly the burnt gases in the other cylinder are driven out by the corresponding piston through the open exhaust port during the upward stroke of such piston. During each vertical movement of the slide bars 50 and 51 the piston rods 97 and 98 and pistons 95 and 96 are moved vertically in the cylinders 76 and 77. The u ward movement of the pistons 76 and 7 draws oil from the crank case through the &

by closing the same,'the oil passingupwardly through the tube 94L and oil duct'91 into the horizontal ducts 92 and 93 to theipiston I have devised an engine which will allow for a working pistonstroke during each half revolution of the crank shaft and in which means are provided for automatically oiling the piston rod bearings and returning the superfluous oil to the crank case.

What 1 claim as my invention is 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the main casing and crank shaft having a double throw journaled therein, of a pair of cylinders supported upon the casing, pistons and piston rods therefor connected to the crank shaft, a cylinder head for the cylinders, a firing chamber located in the cylinder head above each cylinder, a port leading from each firing chamber into each cylinder, a closing valve for the port, an inlet port adjacent to the bottom of each cylinder, an exhaust port adjacent to the top of each cylinder, a duct leading from the bottom of each cylinder intothe firing chamber of the other cylinder, valves for the exhaust and inlet ports,

'and means operated by the piston as it approaches one'end of the cylinder for opening the exhaust and inlet ports and simultaneously closing the port leading from the firing chamber to such cylinder and as it i-pproaches the other end of the cylinder or simultaneously opening the port leading from the firing chamber to the cylinder, as and for the purpose specified.

2; In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the crank case and crank shaft journaled therein having 'a double throw, of a pair of cylinders supported upon the crank case and having closed lower ends, pistons for the cylinders, piston rods slidably held in vertical bearings in theclosed lower ends of the cylinders and connected to the crank shaft, cylinder heads for the cylinders, a firing chamber for each cylinder located in the cylinder head, a port leading from each firing chamber into each cylinder, a duct leading from the bottom of each cylinder into the firing chamber of the opposite cylinder, a valve'in the firing chamber designed to alternately open and close then passes as above described closing the exhaust and inlet ports and the port leading from the firing chamber and the duct leading into the firing chamber, an inlet port located at the bottom of each cylinder, an exhaust port located at the top of each cylinder, a valvefor each inlet and exhaust port, a slide bar extending between .tbeinlet and exhaust valves of each cylinder. and having a depending lower end extending into the crank casing, means car- .ried by each piston rod for engaging. the

slide bar as it approaches the upward and downward limits of its stroke whereby the valves alternately open and close their corresponding ports, and means operated by the slide bar for operating the valve in the corresponding firing chamber for opening the port leading to the cylinder and 81111111- taneously closing the duct leading to the opposing cylinder at the upper end of its stroke and for closing the port leading to the cylinder and opening the passage leading to the opposing cylinder at the lowerend of its stroke, as and for the-purpose specified.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the crankcase and double throw crank suitably journaled therein, of a pair of cylinders supported upon the crank case and havingclosed lower ends, pistons for the cylinders, piston rods slidably held in bearings in the closed ends of the cylinders, a cylinder head extending over both cylinders, a cylindrical firing chamber located in the cylinder vhead above each cylinder, a cylindrical valve turnably held in each firing chamber having a peripheral recess therein, a port leading from-the firing chamber into the cylinder, a duct leading from the bottom 'of each cylinder through the intervening cylinder wall and cylinder head tothe firing chamber of the opposing cylinder, an inlet port located in proximity to the bottom of each. cylinder, an exhaust port located in proximity to the top of each cylinder, slide valves co-acting with the exhaust and inlet ports, a pinion carried by the cylindrical valve of the firing chamber,'a rack bar carried by the exhaust slide valves and meshing with the aforesaid pinion, a slide bar slidably held in the cylinder wall and by which the inlet and exhaust valves are carried, and means carried by the piston rod whereby the slide bars are moved vertically in the corresponding direction as the piston approaches each end of its stroke, as and for the purpose specified.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the crank case and double throw crank suitably journaled therein, of a pair of cylinders supported upon the crank case and having closed lower ends, pistons for the cylinders, piston rods slidably held in hearings in the closed ends of the cylinders, a cylinder head extending over both cylinders, a cylindrical firing chamber located drieal va her into the cylinder,

cylindrical valve turnably held in each firing chamber aving a peripheral recess therein, a port leading from the firing chama duct leading from the bottom of each cylinder through the intervening cylinder wall and cylinder headto the firing chamber of the opposing cylinder, an inlet port locate the bottom of each cylinder,- an exhaust port located in proximity to the top of each cylinder, slide valves co-acting with the exhaust and inlet orts, a pinion carried by the cylinve of the firing chamber, a rack bar carried by the exhaust slide valves and meshing with the aforesaid pinion, a slide bar slidably held in the cylinder wall and having a longitudinal slot therein and by which the inlet and exhaust slide valves are carried,

an arm extending radially outwardly from the piston rod through the vertical slot and designed to engage an end of the slot as the piston approaches the ends of its stroke, as

and for the purpose specified.

u an internal combustion engine, comblnation with the crank case having a ouble throw pair of cylinders supported by the crank case havin closed lower ends, a piston for each cylin er, a piston vertical bearings in the closed lower ends of the cylinders and connected to the crank shaft, an inlet ort at the lower end of each cylinder, an ex aust ort at the upper end of each cylinder, a slid; valve co-acting with each inlet and exhaust port, a, vertically slidable bar by which the inletand exhaust ports are carried having longitudinal slot therein, an'arm extendmginto the longitudinal slot of each slide bar, and means for locking the slide bar in a stationary 'position adapted to be released by the longitudinal movement of the radial as it approaches each end of'the slot, as and for the purpose specified. I

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with the crank case and double throw crank journaled therein, of a pair of cylinders mounted upon the crank case having closed lower ends, a suitable head for the cylinders, pistons operating within the cylinders, piston rods extending from the pistons through the closed lower ends of the cylinders, a crank connection between the lower ends of the piston rods and crank, an inlet port at the lower end of each cylinder, an exhaust port at the'upper end of each cylinder, a slide bar slidably held in the Wall ofcylinder and having a longitudinal slot therein and openings located in roximit each end of the slot, inlet and ex aust va ves carried by the slide corresponding slide bar, a pair of spring IGNACE PERUGINI. Witnesses E. ,PENNOCK,

. EGAN;

arm of the slot bar and with which 

